Septic Arthritis - Overview (causes, pathophysiology, treatment)

hello in this video we're going to talk about septic arthritis this is an introduction and overview with any monoarthritic presentation it is important to rule out septic arthritis as this can cause irreversible damage to the Joint signs and symptoms of septic arthritis include fever monoarthritis which means one inflamed joint inflammation of the joint is characterized by warmth redness athema pain and decreased in function or range of movement the person presenting with an inflamed joint requires a thorough history and Examination for septic arthritis the main causative agents include staf cus orius group a streptococus and neria ARA which is a sexual transmitted bacteria a quick recap of the pathogenesis of septic arthritis here is an inflamed joint a skin infection such as that from staf cacus orius can disseminate into the joint causing septic arthritis osteomylitis which is inflammation infection of the bone marrow usually caused by stafos orius again can locally invade The Joint causing septic arthritis upper respiratory tract infections or lower respiratory tract infections from group a streptococus can hem hematogenously go to the Bone causing osteitis which then can lead to septic arthritis alternatively there can also be an STI from necessary ARA that can disseminate into the joint causing septic arthritis procedures such as injections to the joint space can introduce bacteria into the joint causing septic arthritis further it's important to consider surgery as a cause of septic arthritis during surgery bacteria may enter The Joint from skin or from aseptic techniques again with monoarthritis any monoarthritic present a it's important to rule out septic arthritis it is a surgical emergency with greater than 24 hours leading to irreversible joint damage investigations to be performed in a person presenting with monoarthritis include a full blood count C-reactive protein ESR to check for signs of inflammation and infection a joint aspiration is usually indicated for any for a monoarthritic presentation The Joint aspiration will also need to be cultured microscopy culture and sensitivity it's important to also do blood cultures if you suspect systemic infections or bacteremia also perform electrolyte Ura creatinine and glucose finally Imaging including ultrasound and x-ray can also be done x-ray May reveal subluxation or dislocation of the joint and there is joint space widening because of the swelling and inflammation occurring within the joint itself after performing the investigations notably cultures and Joint aspiration administration of broadspectrum antibiotics is priority then surgical emergency is needed involving joint drainage usually joint aspiration arthoscopic drainage or open drainage once cultures have come back and results are obtained from The Joint aspiration or blood cultures antibiotics can be tailored towards the causitive agent these antibiotics are given typically 2 weeks with IV then changing to oral antibiotics for four weeks followup and monitoring is also important throughout this whole time